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二，利用HAProxy实现负载均衡
  1. 利用HAProxy实现负载均衡

192.168.1.222 (haproxy)---------负载均衡----------(192.168.1.100)

安装配置HAproxy

wget http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.3/src/haproxy-1.3.14.2.tar.gz

mv  haproxy-1.3.14.2  haproxy

cd haproxy

make

2. 创建配置文件

# vi haproxy.cfg

内容：

# this config needs haproxy-1.1.28 or haproxy-1.2.2

global
 log 127.0.0.1 local0
 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice
 #log loghost local0 info
 maxconn 5555
 chroot /usr/share/haproxy
 uid 99
 gid 99
 daemon
 #debug
 #quiet

defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 option dontlognull
 retries 3
 redispatch
 maxconn 2000
 contimeout 5000
 clitimeout 50000
 srvtimeout 50000

listen app1 0.0.0.0:8080
        mode http
        option httplog
        option dontlognull
 cookie SERVERID rewrite
 balance roundrobin
        option httpchk
 server app1_1 192.168.1.222:80 cookie app1inst1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
 server app1_2 192.168.1.100:80 cookie app1inst2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
# server app1_3 192.168.0.108:80 cookie app1inst3 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
# server app1_4 220.181.6.6:80 cookie app1inst4 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

        stats uri /my_stats  # 访问时：http://192.168.1.222:8080/my_stats 
        stats realm Statistics\ for\ MyApp1-2
        stats auth admin:uplooking   # 帐号:密码
        stats scope .
        stats scope app2

listen app2 0.0.0.0:8443
        mode tcp
 option ssl-hello-chk
 balance source
 server inst1 192.168.1.222:443 check inter 2000 fall 3
 server inst2 192.168.1.100:443 check inter 2000 fall 3
# server back1 192.168.0.254:443 backup
        stats uri /my_stats
        stats realm Statistics\ for\ MyApp2
        stats scope .
 
 errorloc 502 http://192.168.1.222/error502.html
 errorfile 503 /site/haproxy/errors/503.http

# ./haproxy –f  examples/haproxy.cfg 启动服务.

监控状态图示 http://192.168.0.222：8080/my_stats,输入用户名密码查看状态。

 

三．相关介绍
   #./haproxy –help //haproxy相关命令参数介绍.
   haproxy  -f  <配置文件>  [-n 最大并发连接总数] [-N 每个侦听的最大并发数] [-d] [-D] [-q] [-V] [-c] [-p <pid文件>] [-s] [-l] [-dk]
       [-ds] [-de] [-dp] [-db] [-m <内存限制M>] [{-sf|-st} pidlist...]
       -d     前台，debug模式
       -D     daemon模式启动
       -q     安静模式,不输出信息
       -V     详细模式
       -c     对配置文件进行语法检查
       -s     显示统计数据
       -l     显示详细统计数据
       -dk    不使用kqueue
       -ds    不使用speculative epoll
       -de    不使用epoll
       -dp    不使用poll
       -db    禁用后台模式，程序跑在前台
       -sf <pidlist>
       程序启动后向pidlist里的进程发送FINISH信号，这个参数放在命令行的最后
       -st <pidlist>
       程序启动后向pidlist里的进程发送TERMINATE信号，这个参数放在命令行的最后

四，更高级的应用参考相关文档

 官方参考手册: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.3/doc/haproxy-en.txt
http://www.howtoforge.com/high-availability-load-balancer-haproxy-heartbeat-debian-etch

using haproxy to proxy multiple named-based virtual hosts

haproxy is one of the best layer 7 loadbalancing solutions for web administrators. It is feature rich in Access Control Lists and header manipulation capabilities.It is a fast and easy-to-configure web proxy.
The following shows how to configure haproxy to proxy multiple named-based virtual hosts typically configured in Apache and Nginx.

OS: CentOS release 4.7 (Final)
Kernel: Linux 2.6.9-34.ELsmp

[root@localhost ~]# haproxy -v  
HA-Proxy version 1.3.20 2009/08/09  
Copyright 2000-2009 Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> 

Content of the runtime configuration file: /etc/haproxy.cfg

global  
        maxconn         20000  
        log             127.0.0.1 local0  
        uid             99  
        gid             99
chroot          /var/empty  
        daemon  
   
frontend public  
        bind            192.168.1.10:80  
        mode            http  
        log             global  
   
        option          httplog  
        option          dontlognull  
        option          httpclose  
        option      forwardfor  
   
        maxconn         20000  
   
        timeout client 6000  
   
        acl site_1  hdr_beg(host)-i i.yaknet.cn  
        use_backend  i    if site_1   
        acl site_2  hdr_beg(host)-i s.yaknet.cn  
        use_backend  s    if site_2   
        default_backend s  
   
backend i  
        mode            http  
        balance         source 
        cookie          SERVERID    prefix    
        retries         3  
   
        timeout connect 6000  
        timeout server  6000  
   
        server          srv_i_101 192.168.1.101:80 cookie i101 weight 5 check inter 15000 rise 2 fall 3  
        server          srv_i_102 192.168.1.102:80 cookie i102 weight 5 check inter 15000 rise 2 fall 3  
        server          srv_i_103 192.168.1.103:80 cookie i102 weight 5 check inter 15000 rise 2 fall 3  
   
backend s  
        mode            http  
        balance         source  
        cookie          SERVERID    prefix  
        retries         3  
   
        timeout connect 6000  
        timeout server  6000  
   
        server          srv_s_201 192.168.1.201:80 cookie s201 weight 5 check inter 15000 rise 2 fall 3  
        server          srv_s_202 192.168.1.202:80 cookie s202 weight 5 check inter 15000 rise 2 fall 3  
        server          srv_s_203 192.168.1.203:80 cookie s202 weight 5 check inter 15000 rise 2 fall 3 

To make your haproxy log properly,you should also modify /etc/syslog.conf and one line:

local0.*/var/log/haproxy.log 

and then start syslogd with `syslogd -r -m 0`.
See, how easy it is to set up such a smart and fast proxy!
Also, for avoiding single point of failure (SPOF), you can turn to keepalived or heartbeat, then you will have high-availability haproxy loadbalanced web server farms.